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Hierarchical Trees in XML Table of Contents 1 Internet Explorer's Structural View 2 Nodes 3 Trees in Linguistics 4 Related Pages 1 Internet Explorer's Structural View Internet Explorer's default view for an XML file displays the document's hierarchical structure. The minus and plus signs allow the
document to be displayed as a collapsible outline -- indeed, as a
collapsible tree:
To view an XML document as a collapsible tree in Internet Explorer, make sure the document does not contain a reference to an XSL stylesheet. (In the image above, on the second and third lines, you can see that the stylesheet reference is commented out.)
In XML, various concepts, most of which spring from the way
we speak about trees or families, are used to express relationships
within a document's hierarchical tree structure. At the base
of its hierarchy, each tree has a root element, and it can be seen
in Internet Explorer by clicking on the first minus sign shown in the document. From the root node stems a hierarchy of other branches
and leaves. Leaves are terminal elements: They do not contain
child elements.
2 Nodes Each element in a tree structure is called a node. Relationships
among nodes are expressed using metaphors borrowed from families:
The root node, for instance, is the parent of all the other nodes,
called children; together they enter into a parent-child relationship.
Although a parent element can have multiple children, each child
node has exactly one parent node. XML uses such constructs as
parent, child, sibling, ancestor, and descendant in keywords,
expressions, and functions.
3 Trees in LinguisticsHierarchical trees are also frequently used to express relationships in linguistics. The following example, marked up in XML, reveals the hierarchical structure
of the atomic syntactic elements that make up a sample sentence:
<s> <np><det>The</det><n>woman</n></np> <vp><v>saw</v> <np><det>the</det><n>man</n> <pp><p>in</p> <np><det>the</det><n>park</n></np> </pp> </np> </vp> </s> More on Hierarchical Trees in Phonology.
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